20110531

1.1.31 विभाषा जसि

In जस् विभक्ति related words the सर्वनाम​ would be off.

1,1.28 न बहुव्रीह्औ 1.1.29 तृतीयासमासे 1.1.30 द्वन्द्वे च

The सर्वनाम status is not applicable in pure 1. बहुव्रीहि, 2. द्वन्द्व​, and 3. तृतीयातत्पुरुष​ समास​ (e.g. in मासेन पूर्व​: मासपूर्व​:)

1.1.27 विभाषा दिक्स्मासे बहुव्रीहौ

Even when सर्व​ comes with दिशावाची बहुव्रीहि समास​ the सर्वनाम​ status is retain (still applies). Note that if this doesn't happen then द्वन्द्व​ would have the pluralization as well (causing ambiguity).

For example:
उत्तरस्य पूर्वस्याश्च दिशोरन्तरालम् => उत्तरपूर्वा ङे => उत्तरपूर्वस्य्ऐ (uttar and purva didn't combine to be treated as द्विवचन​ ; The द्विवचन​ would imply द्वन्द्व​)

1.1.28 न बहुव्रीहौ

20110527

1.1.26 सर्वादीनि सर्वनामानि

सर्व​ etc. are nouns of सर्वनाम​ (pronouns) status.

The category of सर्व​ comprises of 35 words :

1. सर्व
2. विश्व
3. उभ
4. उभय - This is peculiar in that it does not have a द्विवचन​.
5. डतर - This is a suffix - meaning one-of-the-two.
6. डतम - This is a suffix - meaning one-out-of-many.
7. अन्य
8. अन्प्यतर
9. इतर
10. त्वत्
11. त्व
12. नेम
13. सम
14. सिम
15. पूर्व
16. पर
17. अवर
18. दक्षिण
19. उत्तर
20. अपर
21. अधर
22. स्व
23. अन्तर
24. त्यद्
25. तद्
26. यद्
27. एतद्
28. इदम्
29. अदस्
30. एक - This only implies the "unity" in a rather mathematical sense - प्रधान प्रथम साधारण संख्या
would all follow the same rule as एक as far as the सर्वनाम​ goes.
31. द्वि
32. युष्मद्
33. अस्मद्
34. भवतु
35. किम्

1.1.21 तरप्तमप्औ घ:

कुमारी तरप् = कुमारितरा (using घरूपकल्पक )

Covered again in 5.3.55 and 5.3.57.

20110526

1.1.25 क्तक्तवतू निष्ठा

क्त an क्तवतु are of निष्टा noun status.

Covered again in 3.2.102 , 3.1.91

1.1.24 डति च

Words ending with डति suffix have षट् status as well.

1.1.23 ष्णान्ता षट्

पंचन् सप्तन् अष्टन् नवन् दशन् and षष् (that are either ष or न ending) would be of षट् noun status. i.e. they would respectively become पंच सप्त अष्ट ​नव दश and षट् respectively.

1.1.22 बहुगणवतुडति संख्या

The words with prefixes बहु गण or suffixes वतु डति are treated as one noun (Similar to multi- in English). Examples: बहुक: गणश:

20110519

1.1.20 आद्यन्तवदेकस्मिन्

When there is just one letter to be joined, then वृद्धि occurs as if the one available letter was start or end - अ + भ्याम् = आभ्याम्

Refer 3.1.3 for further clarification.

1.1.19 दाधा घ्वाप​

Dissected as: दाधा: घु अदाप्

दारूप and धारूप​ i.e. verbs (धातु) that have prominent दा or धा tend to undergo घु change.

दा यक् त => धा यक् त => धायत​ ( 6.4.66 -घुमास्थागापाजहातिसाम् हलि)

Refer 6.4.119, 6.4.67 for other related changes.

1.1.18 ईदूत्औ च सप्तम्यर्थे

वृद्धि would be blocked for ईकारान्त ऊकारान्त if they are in the meaning of सप्तमी e.g. मामकी इति

1.1.17 उञ ॐ

Example. वृद्धि is blocked in उ इति

1.1.16 सम्बुद्धौ शाकल्य्स्येतावनार्षे

It is dissected as सम्वुद्धौ शाकल्यस्य इतौ अनार्षे.

अनार्षे means अवैदिक. The rule states that if अवैदिक इति is present after सम्बुद्धि, then वृद्धि doesn't occur. e.g. विष्णो इति.

20110518

1.1.12 अदसो मात्

Another case of barring of वृद्धि occurs ओत् निपात्.

If vowels occur after आहो उताहो हो अहो (cases of ओत् निपात् ) then वृद्धि doesn't occur.

1.1.11 ईदूदेद् द्विवचनं प्रगृह्यम्

ईत् ऊत् एत् - would block the सवर्ण result as well e.g. अग्नी इति Neither यण् , अयादेश or दीर्घ would take place if there is ईत् ऊत् एत् involved.

1.1.10 नाऽज्झल्औ

अच् and हल do not fall into सवर्ण category and are barred from वृद्धि. e.g. दन्डहस्त​:

20110517

1.1.9 तुल्यास्यप्रयत्नं सवर्णम्

आस्य​ is उच्चारण स्थान​. The प्रयत्न of the उच्चारण स्थान​ of comparable (similar) letters would be the same (dominant letter).

All दीर्घ सन्धि are examples of this.

प्रयत्न are of two types :
आभ्यन्तर and बाह्य​

आभ्यन्तर in turn is classified into 5 sub-types:
1. स्पृष्ट - from स्पर्श​- word for clear in Sans/Hindi. The tongue completely contacts the particular part of the mouth.
2. ईषस्पृष्ट - The tongue only partially contacts the particular part of the mouth e.g. in य् र् ल् व्
3. ईषद्विवृत - The throat stays "somewhat" opened in this type of प्रयत्न. ऊष्म letters: श् ष् स् ह् are examples of this प्रयत्न
4. विवृत - In this प्रयत्न the mouth stays open but the tongue is relatively free.
5. संवृत - In this प्रयत्न the mouth stays open but the tongue isn't free (only अ )

बाह्य​ is of 11 types

1. विवार - The mouth clearly opens
2. संवार - mouth is only partly opened
3. श्वास - breath is used
4. नाद - long sound
5. घोष - echo or repetition
6. अघोष - without any echo
7. अल्पप्राण​- the pronunciation that requires very little breath/energy
8. महाप्राण - the pronunciation that requires a lot of breath/energy
9. उदात्त
10. अनुदात्त
11. स्वरित

1.1.8 मुखनासिकावचनोऽनुनासिक:

अनुनासिक are those that are pronounced with mouth and nose.

1.1.7 हलोऽनन्तराः संयोग​:

हल् pairs are संयोग.
e.g. ष्ट्र is संयोग in राष्ट्र

1.1.6 दीधीवेवीटाम्

दीधी वेवी are छान्दस and hence the वृद्धि is blocked.

example. आदीधी + अन = आदीध्यन​

20110515

1.1.5 क्किङ्ति च

The गुण and वृद्धि do not occur at ग् क् ङ् either.

example:
जि + ग् + स्नु
= जि + स्नु (ग्लाजुस्थश्च)
= जि + ष् + नु ( रषाभ्याम् )
Note that the end result is not जे ष्णु (because ग्लाजुस्थश्च makes ग् disappear and the rule क्किङ्ति च blocks the गुणवृद्धि (as one would expect from 1.1.3 इको गुणवृद्धी)

1.1.4 न धातुलोप अर्धधातुके

If धातु disappears because of अर्धधातु, then गुण and वृद्धि do not occur at the place where that अर्धधातु occurs.

examples:

चिय् + चि + य् = चे + चि + य = चेचिय: (note that the end result is not चिचेय​: because the अर्धधातु - अच् at the end if being cut short and hence the गुण and वृद्धि cannot occur at the place. The गुण and वृद्धि occur at the precedent चिय् instead)

Another example is मरी मृज​:
मृज् + मृज् + य्
= म + मृज् + अ
= मरीक् + मृज् + अ ( रीगृदुपधस्यच)

रीगृदुपधस्यच is the realization of the rule (न धातुलोप अर्धधातुके) here.

1.1.3 इको गुणवृद्धी

गुण and वृद्धि occur only at the place of इक्

A very important rule in siddhi is सार्वधातुकार्धधातुकयोः | From that rule :

1.
जि + तृ = जे + तृ
The guNadesha occurs at the place of
जे + तृ + सु = जेता ( सु is added for कर्ता)

2.
अट् + नी + च्लि + तिप्
= अ + नी + सिप् + त् (च्ले: सिच् )
= अनीस् + ईट् + त् (अस्तिसिचोअपृक्ते)
= अनैसीत् (वृद्धि of सिच् )

1.1.2 अदेङ् गुणः

अत् and एङ् are गुण.

अत् - a
एङ् - e and o (दीर्घ)
examples:
1. nar + indraH = narendraH (AdguNaH आद्गुणः )
2. जि + शप् + तिप् -
= जि + अ + ति
= जे + अ + ति
= जयति ( using अयादेश)

Clearly आद्गुणः is a siddhi of अदेङ् गुणः .

20110514

1.1.1 वृद्धिरादैच्

It is important to understand the pratyahar vectors in the grammar. This is as follows: अ इ उ ण् ऋ लृ क् ए ओ ङ् ऐ औ च् ह य व र ट्ण् ञ म ङ ण न म् झ भ ञ् घ ढ ध ष् ज ब ग ड द श् ख फ छ ठ थ च ट त व् क प य् श ष स र् ल्. The sutra/rule says that आत् and ऐच् are वृद्धि. ऐच् denotes the vector  ऐ औ च् in the above set. Therefore ऐच् is short for ऐ औ. Similarly, अल् would imply the whole set (i.e. everything starting from अ to ending ल्).

In the rule, ऐच् implies ऐ and औ while आत् implies आ. These sounds are called वृद्धि. This is what one may call a definition rule. (तपर् property would be revisited in 1.1.69)

For example,

त्यज्  घ अन्  - त्याज् + अ  ( आ appears from वृद्धिरादैच्  and स्थाने अन्तर्गमः ; घ, अन् becomes अ through उपधायाः) - त्याग् + अ ( ज् ->क्  - कुत्वा from 7.3.52 and ग् from गुणाकृत आन्तर्य) ... (तद्भवित).